Comparación del efecto de omeprazol como monoterapia y su combinación con bicarbonato de sodio en el tratamiento de la pirosis moderada a severa: ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado y doble ciego / Comparison of the effect of omeprazole monotherapy and its combination with sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of moderate to severe heartburn: a double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial

Heartburn occurs in 75% of patients with digestive discomfort of any origin and is one of the main symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Treatment focuses on lifestyle modification and symptomatology management with various drugs; when heartburn is moderate to severe, a proton pump inhibitor is more suitable. Omeprazole (OMZ) combined with sodium bicarbonate (BC) has demonstrated significant and sustained suppression of acid secretion. The objective was to compare the effect of sequential OMZ/BC therapy compared to OMZ monotherapy for the improvement of heartburn in Mexican individuals. The study was a double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical study including 277 subjects with moderate to severe heartburn. Patients received 7 days of OMZ/BC and 7 days of OMZ (OMZ/BC7) or 14 days of OMZ (OMZ14). The primary endpoint was defined as the change in the number of days a week that the patient has heartburn, it was evaluated at 14 days. Both treatments reduced time (days) with heartburn by less than 4 days (OMZ14 3.9 vs. 4.2 days OMZ/BC7), as well as duration, number of events and intensity of heartburn. The treatments improved the quality of life, and the control of the symptoms. The proportion of adverse events was lower with OMZ/BC. The non-inferiority of OMZ/BC7 with respect to OMZ14 was verified.

La pirosis se presenta en el 75% de los pacientes con molestias digestivas de cualquier origen y es uno de los principales síntomas de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. El tratamiento se enfoca en la modificación del estilo de vida y el manejo de la sintomatología con diversos fármacos; cuando la pirosis es moderada a severa, un inhibidor de la bomba de protones es más adecuado. El omeprazol (OMZ) combinado con bicarbonato de sodio (BC) ha demostrado supresión significativa y sostenida de la secreción ácida. El objetivo fue comparar el efecto de la terapia secuencial de OMZ/BC en comparación con el tratamiento continuo de OMZ para la mejoría de la pirosis en individuos mexicanos. Estudio clínico multicéntrico, doble ciego, controlado, aleatorizado que incluyó 277 sujetos con pirosis moderada a severa. Los pacientes recibieron 7 días de OMZ/BC y 7 días de OMZ (OMZ/BC7) o 14 días de OMZ (OMZ14). La variable primaria fue definida como el cambio del número de días a la semana que el paciente presenta pirosis, se evaluó a los 14 días. Ambos tratamientos redujeron los días con pirosis en menos 4 días (OMZ14 3,9 vs. 4,2 días OMZ/BC7), así como la duración, el número de eventos e intensidad de la pirosis. Los tratamientos mejoraron los indicadores de calidad de vida, y el control del padecimiento. La proporción de eventos adversos fue menor con OMZ/BC. Se comprobó la no-inferioridad de OMZ/BC7 respecto OMZ14.

Buffered 2% articaine in buccal infiltration of mandibular molars: a randomized triple-blind clinical trial

Abstract This crossover study aimed to compare the anesthetic effects of buffered 2% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine with that of non-buffered 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine. Forty-seven volunteers were administered two doses of anesthesia in the buccal region of the second mandibular molars in two sessions using 1.8 mL of different local anesthetic solutions. The onset time and duration of pulp anesthesia, soft tissue pressure pain threshold, and the score of pain on puncture and burning during injection were evaluated. The operator, volunteers, and statistician were blinded. There were no significant differences in the parameters: onset of soft tissue anesthesia (p = 0.80), duration of soft tissue anesthesia (p = 0.10), onset of pulpal anesthesia in the second (p = 0.28) and first molars (p = 0.45), duration of pulp anesthesia of the second (p = 0.60) and first molars (p = 0.30), pain during puncture (p = 0.82) and injection (p = 0.80). No significant adverse events were observed. Buffered 2% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine did not differ from non-buffered 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine considering anesthetic success, safety, onset, duration of anesthesia, and pain on injection.

¿Bicarbonato de sodio en terapia intensiva es útil o no?

La acidosis metabólica se ha convertido en un problema muy serio, tanto en las áreas críticas, como de medicina interna y emergencias, sobre todo por la innumerable cantidad de patologías que la presentan; que ha encaminado a muchos profesionales a usar el bicarbonato de Na (NaHCO3-), que definitivamente tiene un efecto en el ascenso del pH y el HCO3-, asociado a un sosiego inverosímil del profesional médico y probablemente a un escaso beneficio por parte de los pacientes; este estudio trata de explicar en forma concisa a la etiología de la acidosis metabólica y la real indicación de esta droga, que hasta el momento podría tener más perjuicios que beneficios.

Metabolic acidosis has become a very serious problem, both in critical areas, such as internal medicine and emergencies, especially due to the innumerable number of pathologies that present it; which has led many professionals to use Na bicarbonate (NaHCO3-), which definitely has an effect on the rise in pH and HCO3-, associated with an unlikely calmness of the medical professional and probably with little benefit on the part of the patients. patients; This study tries to concisely explain the etiology of metabolic acidosis and the real indication of this drug, which up to now could have more harm than good.

A prospective descriptive study on emergency medicines used most frequently from the emergency medicine packs at Universitas Academic Hospital and the associated financial loss of expired emergency medicines

Resuscitation trolleys with equipment and medicines for emergencies are required in all clinical areas in hospitals. Emergency medicines kept separately are more likely to expire than non-emergency medicines, as these are generally used less frequently. An updated list of essential emergency medicines was implemented in 2016 at an academic hospital in central South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of both the use and the expiry, with associated financial losses, of the emergency medicines on this list. Methods: A prospective, descriptive study was conducted over a six-month period in 2019. Forms accompanying the emergency packs were returned to the pharmacy whenever packs expired or were opened. These forms were collected and the type and quantity of medicines either used or expired were recorded. Results: In total, 168 of the returned forms were included. The most frequently used emergency medicines were adrenaline, sodium bicarbonate and Ringer's lactate. Adrenaline use was recorded on 52.8% and 25% of the forms from the adult/paediatric and neonatal emergency packs, respectively. Medicines that were never used included: betamethasone, Darrow's half-strength solution and most of the neonatal pack medications. Neonatal emergency medicine packs were rarely used and the neonatal fluid packs were never used. The total cost of the expired medicines was R7 960.29 (US$569.41 at the time of the study). Adrenaline was the medication that expired most frequently but the greatest financial losses occurred from expired sodium bicarbonate. Conclusion: The total financial losses were low but can be reduced further. The contents of the emergency packs should be reviewed to possibly reduce the amount of items used infrequently. Also, the removal of those items not recommended in emergency care guidelines could be considered. Ensuring the policy was followed of returning unused medicines close to expiry and redistributing these to high-use areas would further reduce wastage

Simultaneous determination of 10 rhubarb anthraquinones and rhaponticin in Compound gentian and sodium bicarbonate tablets by UPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 10 rhubarb anthraquinones in Compound gentian sodium bicarbonate tablets and the content of rhaponticin，which are the characteristic components of artifacts，and to use the method to evaluate the quality of compound preparation containing Rheum officinale. METHODS The ultra-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） method was adopted to determine the contents of 10 rhubarb anthraquinones （aloe-emodin-8-O-glucoside， rheinic acid-8-O-β-D-glucoside，emodin-8-O-glucoside，chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucoside，emodin monomethyl ether-8-O-β-D-glucoside， aloe-emodin，rheinic acid，emodin，chrysophanol，emodin monomethyl ether） and rhaponticin in 40 batches of Compound gentian sodium bicarbonate tablets from 8 manufacturers. The determination was performed on the Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min； the column temperature was set at 30 ℃ ，and the injection volume was 5 μL. Combining principal component analysis and cluster analysis to synthesize the results of content determination，the quality of samples from different manufacturers was evaluated. RESULTS All of above 11 components showed favorable linear relationships with peak areas in their respective mass concentration ranges （r≥0.999 3），with RSDs of precision，repeatability and stability 296261547@qq.com less than 3% （n＝6）； average sample recoveries ranged 96.82%-98.92% （RSD≤1.74%，n＝6）； their contents were 0971-8247794。E-mail：304436784@qq.com 0.011 7-0.252 0，0-0.323 3，0.131 3-1.236 6，0.081 1-1.056 2，0.015 2-0.189 8，0.001 8-0.152 3，0-0.255 2，0.001 9-0.223 4，0.054 3-0.303 0，0.022 7-0.172 2，0-2.835 9 mg/g，respectively. The cumulative variance contribution of the first three principal components was 95.533%； the 40 batches of samples can be clustered into 4 categories：samples from enterprises a and d were in a category of their own，samples from enterprises f，b，g and e were in a category，and samples from enterprises c and h were in a category. There were large differences in the content of rhubarb anthraquinone in the samples from 8 manufacturers，and rhaponticin was only detected in the sample from one enterprise. CONCLUSIONS Established UPLC method is stable and reliable； it can be used for the content determination of 10 rhubarb anthraquinones and rhaponticin in Compound gentian sodium bicarbonate tablets.

Effect of sodium bicarbonate Ringer′s solution on acute kidney injury following laparoscopic hepatectomy in elderly patients / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of sodium bicarbonate Ringer′s solution on acute kidney injury(AKI) following laparoscopic hepatectomy in elderly patients.Methods:A total of 362 American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ elderly patients, aged 65-79 yr, with body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective laparoscopic hepatectomy, were divided into 2 groups( n=181 each) using a random number table method: bicarbonate Ringer′s solution group(BR group) and lactated Ringer′s solution group(LR group). Bicarbonate Ringer′s solution and lactated Ringer′s solution were intravenously infused in BR group and LR group, respectively. All operations were performed under general anesthesia combined with abdominal fascia block, and the methods of controlled low central venous pressure and intermittent hepatic inflow occlusion were applied to reduce intraoperative bleeding. Radial artery blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis at 5 min before anesthesia induction(T 0), 20 min after occluding liver hilus(T 1), 10 min after hepatectomy and hemostasis(T 2), at the end of surgery(T 3) and at postanesthesia care unit discharge(T 4), and lactate value(Lac) was recorded. Blood samples from cubital vein were collected on admission to hospital(T A) and at 24(T 24) and 48 h after operation(T 48) for determination of serum creatinine(Cr) concentrations. Doppler-based renal resistive index(RRI) was measured at T A, T 4, T 24 and T 48. The incidence of AKI was calculated within 48 h after operation according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria in 2012 for Cr concentration. Adverse reactions(such as nausea and vomiting) and complications(such as incision infection) within 48 h after operation were recorded. Results:Compared with the baseline at T 0, Lac concentrations were significantly increased at T 1-4 in both groups( P<0.01). Cr concentrations were significantly increased at T 24 and T 48, and RRI was increased at T 4, T 24 and T 48 than at T A in both groups( P<0.01). Compared with group LR, the incidence of AKI within 48 h after operation, Lac concentrations at T 3, 4, Cr concentrations at T 24 and T 48, and RRI at T 4, T 24 and T 48 were significantly decreased in group BR( P<0.05 or 0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea, vomiting, incision infection, delirium, bile leakage and pulmonary infection within 48 h after operation among the two groups( P>0.05). Conclusions:Sodium bicarbonate Ringer′s solution can decrease the development of AKI following laparoscopic hepatectomy in elderly patients.

Bicarbonato de sodio intravenoso ¿Cuándo, cómo y por qué utilizarlo? / Intravenous sodium bicarbonate. When, how and why to use it?

Severe metabolic acidosis is defined by a pH < 7.2 with HCO3− < 8 mE- q/L in plasma. Its best treatment is to correct the underlying cause. However, acidemia produces multiple complications such as resistance to the action of catecholamines, pulmonary vasoconstriction, impaired cardiovascular function, hyperkalemia, immunological dysregulation, respiratory muscle fatigue, neurological impairment, cellular dysfunction, and finally, it contributes to multisystemic failure. Intravenous NaHCO3 buffers severe acidemia, preventing the associated damage and gains time while the causal disease is corrected. Its indication requires a risk-benefit assessment, considering its complications. These are hypernatremia, hypokalemia, ionic hypocalcemia, rebound alkalosis, and intracellular acidosis. For this reason, therapy must be "adapted" and administered judiciously. The patient will require monitoring with serial evaluation of the internal environment, especially arterial blood gases, plasma electrolytes, and ionized calcium. Isotonic solutions should be preferred instead of hypertonic bicarbonate. The development of hypernatremia must be prevented, calcium must be provided for hypocalcemia to improve cardiovascular function. Furthermore, in mechanically ventilated patients, a respiratory response similar to the one that would develop physiologically, must be established to be able to extract excess CO2 and thus avoid intracellular acidosis. It is possible to estimate the bicarbonate deficit, speed, and volume of its infusion. However, the calculations are only for reference. More important is to start intravenous NaHCO3 when needed, administer it judiciously, manage its side effects, and continue it to a safe goal. In this review we address all the necessary elements to consider in the administration of intravenous NaHCO3, highlighting why it is the best buffer for the management of severe metabolic acidosis.

Análise Bioquímica e Biomarcadores de Lesão e Fadiga em Atletas de Vôlei Suplementadas com Bicarbonato de Sódio / Biochemical Analysis and Injury and Fatigue Biomarkers in Volleyball Athletes Supplemented with Sodium Bicarbonate

Introdução: O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o potencial ergogênico e antifadiga da suplementação de bicarbonato em atletas de vôlei feminino durante sessão de treino de alta intensidade. Métodos: Realizou-se um ensaio clínico randomizado simples cego com 12 atletas profissionais de vôlei feminino, divididas em dois grupos experimentais: um controle e outro suplementado com 500ml de uma solução de bicarbonato de sódio 0,3-0,4mg/kg 90 minutos antes de um treinamento de alta intensidade, com duração de 60 minutos. Resultados: A análise estatística dos resultados mostra que houve diferença significativa entre o grupo suplementado e controle apenas na atividade da enzima creatina quinase (p=0,04) e na percepção subjetiva de esforço (p<0,001). Por outro lado, a atividade da enzima LDH e os níveis de glicose, lactato, proteína, albumina, triglicerídeos e TBARS não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos (p>0,05). A PSE medida pela escala de Borg adaptada não passou de cinco (de uma escala de 0 a 10) em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusão: Apesar de o bicarbonato ser um reconhecido agente de prevenção de fadiga, lesão e com efeitos ergogênicos para sessões de treinos extenuantes, sua suplementação nas condições propostas não mostrou benefícios, demonstrando que o tipo de protocolo de treino aplicado não justifica sua suplementação e que seu uso deve ser utilizado com cautela em razão de seus contraefeitos gastrintestinais.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to analyze the ergogenic and antifatigue potential of bicarbonate supplementation in female volleyball athletes during a high intensity training session. Methods: A simple blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with 12 professional female volleyball athletes divided into two experimental groups: one control and the other supplemented with 500ml of 0.3-0.4mg / kg sodium bicarbonate solution 90 minutes before high-intensity training, lasting 60 minutes. Results: The statistical analysis of the results shows that there was a significant difference between the supplemented and the control group only in the activity of the enzyme creatine kinase (p = 0.04) and in the subjective perception of effort (p <0.001). On the other hand, the activity of the LDH enzyme and the levels of glucose, lactate, protein, albumin, triglycerides and TBARS did not present significant differences between the two groups (p> 0.05). The PSE measured by the adapted Borg scale did not exceed five (from a scale of 0 to 10) in any of the groups. Conclusion: Although bicarbonate is a recognized fatigue and injury prevention agent with ergogenic effects for strenuous training sessions, its supplementation under the proposed conditions did not show any benefits, demonstrating that the type of training protocol applied does not justify its supplementation and that its use should be used with caution because of its gastrointestinal counter-effects.

The ion partition detected in homeopathically manufactured medicine cuprum metallicum and controls

Homeopathy is highly controversial. The main reason for this is its use of very highly dilute medicines (high homeopathic potencies, HHP), diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. Research using Nano Tracking Analysis has demonstrated the presence of particles in HHPs. This study aims to verify the results of a previous publication that identified the ionic composition of these particles in all dilutions. We used Scanning Electron Microscopy & Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to examine dilutions of a commonly used homeopathic medicine, an insoluble metal, Cuprum metallicum, for the presence of particles (NPs). The homeopathic medicines tested were specially prepared according to the European pharmacopoeia standards. We compared the homeopathic dilutions/dynamizations of copper with simple dilutions and dynamized lactose controls. We observed an ionic diversity common to all preparations including HHPs but also significant differences in the relative quantity of each ion between manufacturing lines of homeopathic copper and lactose controls. The probability that the observed differences could have occurred chance alone (especially above Avogadro limit) can be rejected at p < 0.001. The essential component of these homeopathic medicines is sodium hydrogen carbonate, modulated by some other elements and by its quantity, size and shape. Homeopathic medicines made of Cuprum metallicum do contain material with a specific ionic composition even in HHPs diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. This specificity can be attributed to the manufacturing process. This material demonstrates that the step-by-step process (dynamized or not) does not match the theoretical expectations of a dilution process. The starting material and dilution/dynamization method influences the nature of these NPs. Further measurements are needed on other raw materials using the same controls (solvent and simply diluted manufacturing lines) to support these findings. The role of sodium bicarbonate must be carefully studied in the future.

The Materiality of Homeopathic Medicines. DynHom Research Program

Homeopathy is controversial because using highly dilute medicines (high homeopathic potencies, HHP) beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. Previous publications [1,2] using NMR relaxation revealed the involvement of nanobubbles and/or nanoparticles and/or nanometric superstructures in high potentizations. Nano Tracking Analyse (NTA) demonstrated the presence of particles in HHPs [3,4]. WithSEM-EDX [5] we observed an ionic diversity common to all preparations including HHPs and significant differences in the relative quantity of each ion between different homeopathic manufacturing lines and controls. FTIR spectroscopy [6] shows that the molecular composition is that of carbonates, primarily sodium bicarbonate.Methods:To observe the materiality of homeopathic medicines a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. In collaboration with several universities,we canobserve these medications with NMR, NTA, SEM-EDX, FTIR, pH,and EPA. Results:The essential component of all already studied homeopathic medicines is sodium hydrogen carbonate modulated by some other elements in a specific quantity, size,and shape. The probability that the observed results could have occurred just by random chance can be rejected(significantlyabove the Avogadro limit) p < 0,001.Conclusions:The homeopathic medicines do contain material with a specific ionic composition even in HHPs diluted beyond the Avogadro/Loschmidt limit. This specificity can be attributed to the manufacturing process. These results demonstrate that the step-by-step process (dynamized or not) does not match the theoretical expectations in a dilution process. The starting material and dilution/dynamization method influencethe nature of these NPs. The role of carbonates and sodium bicarbonate must be carefully studied in the future. Its aqueous solution is alkaline in nature but itis an amphoteric compound, which means that the compound has both acidic as well as alkaline character. The reaction with acids results in sodium salts and carbonic acid and the reaction with the basic solution producescarbonates and water. Specific electric fields are indeed detectable.

Synergistic interaction of fluconazole/sodium bicarbonate on the inhibition of Candida glabrata phospholipase gene

Abstract Candida glabrata infections are responsible for deaths of people globally. Fluconazole is known to be less effective against C. glabrata, which developed many strategies to evade being destroyed by fluconazole. To achieve enhanced efficacy of fluconazole against C. glabrata, the interaction of fluconazole with sodium bicarbonate was investigated using the CLSI guidelines. The efficacy of fluconazole alone and in combination with sodium bicarbonate was evaluated using the time-kill and phospholipase production assays. Eventually, the expression of PLB was assessed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR to investigate the inhibitory properties of fluconazole alone and in combination with sodium bicarbonate against C. glabrata. The fluconazole/sodium bicarbonate combination displayed synergistic and antagonistic effects (FICI= 0.375-4.25). In C. glabrata ATCC, SN 152, and SN 164, the fluconazole/sodium bicarbonate combination exhibited a significant fungicidal activity (p< 0.05) but antagonistic effect in the case of SN 283. With exception of SN 283, a significant reduction was noted in phospholipase production in clinical isolates of C. glabrata treated with fluconazole/sodium bicarbonate combination. The PLB was down-regulated significantly by 0.168-0.515 fold in C. glabrata treated with fluconazole/sodium bicarbonate. The results suggested fluconazole/sodium bicarbonate to have a potential synergistic interaction in C. glabrata, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with phospholipase gene

Efficacy of omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate suspension in the treatment of peptic ulcer: a multicenter clinical trial / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate suspension in the treatment of peptic ulcer.Methods:This present study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive drug parallel controlled phase Ⅱ clinical trial. According to different indications, the trial was divided into gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU) studies. Patients were stratified-block randomly divided with a 1∶1 ratio into experimental group and control group. The patients in the experimental group were administrated with omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate suspension omeprazole (20 mg for DU or 40 mg for GU, and 1 680 mg sodium bicarbonate) once a day. The patients in the control group received omeprazole magnesium enteric-coated tablet20 mg for DU or 40 mg for GU once a day. The treatment period was 4 weeks for DU and 8 weeks for GU. The main efficacy indicator was ulcer healing rate under endoscopy. The time of pain disappearance and the total effective rate of clinical symptom relief were used as the secondary efficacy indicators, and the incidence of adverse reactions was used as the safety indicator. The data set included full analysis set (FAS), per-protocol set (PPS) and safety set (SS). Independent sample t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi square test, Fisher exact test method and non-inferiority test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Two hundred and seventy two DU patients and 237 GU patients were included in the FAS, 247 DU patients and 201 GU patients were included in the PPS, and 272 DU patients and 235 GU patients were included in the SS. The results of FAS analysis showed that after 4 weeks treatment, the healing rate of DU under endoscopy in the experimental group was 91.91% (125/136) and that in the control group was 94.85% (129/136), and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). After 8 weeks treatment the healing rate of GU under endoscopy in the experimental group was 86.44% (102/118) and that in the control group was 87.39% (104/119), and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The results of non-inferiority analysis showed the lower limit of 95% confidence interval of difference in effective rate between the two groups was over -10% (-8.84% for DU and -9.54% for GU), which indicated that the effective rate of experimental group was not inferior to that of the control group. The results of PPS analysis were consistent with the results of FAS. The results of FAS analysis showed the median time of abdominal pain disappearance of DU patients in the experimental group and the control group was both 6 d, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The median time of abdominal pain disappearance of GU patients in the experimental group and the control group was both 8 d, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the total effective rates of clinical symptom relief of DU of the trial group and the control group were 95.59% (130/136) and 97.79% (133/136), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the total effective rates of clinical symptom relief of GU of the experimental group and the control group were 95.76% (113/118) and 93.28% (111/119), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The results of SS analysis showed that the incidence of adverse reactions of DU patients in the trial group and the control group was 5.15% (7/136) and 2.21% (3/136), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions of GU patients in the experimental group and the control group was 12.71% (15/118) and 6.84% (8/117), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate suspension is not inferior to omeprazole magnesium enteric-coated tablet in healing efficacy under endoscopy in peptic ulcer, and has a good safety.

Efectos del colutorio de bicarbonato de sodio sobre el pH salival y la microflora oral

Resumen La caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa producida por bacterias, es una de las enfermedades crónicas con mayor prevalencia en la infancia, extendida por todo el mundo. Objetivo . Determinar el efecto del colutorio de bicarbonato de sodio (1,1%) sobre el pH salival y la microflora bucal. Materiales y métodos . Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuasi-experimental, longitudinal, prospectivo, que tuvo una muestra de 30 estudiantes de pre-clínicas de la escuela de odontología de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno (Perú). de ambos sexos, divididos en tres grupos a quienes se indicó el uso de colutorios teniendo como principios activos: bicarbonato de sodio al 1,1%, clorhexidina al 0,12% y agua destilada respectivamente. Se recolectaron muestras de saliva pre y post enjuague, para evaluar el efecto sobre el pH salival y muestras de dorso de la lengua para evaluar la carga bacteriana oral. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó la prueba T de Student para muestras relacionadas, con el un nivel de significancia del 95%, en el programa SPSS Ver.17. Resultados . Se detecto que el efecto del buffer del bicarbonato de sodio después de su aplicación como colutorio, pasando de un pH de 6,47 a 7,97 mostrando diferencias significativas antes y después de su aplicación (p<0,05). Así también el crecimiento bacteriano después de la aplicación del bicarbonato de sodio, disminuyo en un 47,32% (p<0,05) evidenciando una efectividad antibacteriana. Conclusiones . Se encontró que el colutorio de bicarbonato de sodio tiene un efecto de manera significativa sobre estabilización del pH salival y una acción antimicrobiana sobre la microflora bucal, inhibiendo potencialmente a microorganismos cariogénicos.

Abstract Dental caries is an infectious disease produced by bacteria, it is one of the chronic diseases with the highest prevalence in childhood, spread throughout the world. Objective . To determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate mouthwash (1.1%) on salivary pH and oral microflora. Materials and methods . A prospective, longitudinal, quasi-experimental type study was carried out, which had a sample of 30 pre-clinic students from the dental school of the National University of the Altiplano de Puno (Peru), of both sexes. Divided into three groups to whom the use of mouthwashes was indicated having as active ingredients: 1.1% sodium bicarbonate, 0.12% chlorhexidine and distilled water respectively. Saliva samples were collected before and after rinsing, to evaluate the effect on salivary pH, and samples from the back of the tongue to evaluate the oral bacterial load. For data analysis, the student's t test was used for related samples, with a significance level of 95%, in the SPSS Ver.17 program. Results . It was detected that the effect of the sodium bicarbonate buffer after its application as mouthwash, going from a pH of 6.47 to 7.97 showing significant differences before and after its application (p <0.05). Likewise, bacterial growth after the application of sodium bicarbonate decreased by 47.32% (p <0.05), evidencing antibacterial effectiveness. Conclusions . It was found that sodium bicarbonate mouthwash has a significant effect on salivary pH stabilization and an antimicrobial action on oral microflora, potentially inhibiting cariogenic microorganisms.

Resumo A cárie dentária é uma doença infecciosa produzida por bactérias, é uma das doenças crônicas com maior prevalência na infância, disseminada em todo o mundo. Objetivo . Determinar o efeito do enxaguatório bucal com bicarbonato de sódio (1,1%) no pH salivar e na microflora oral. Materiais e métodos . Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, longitudinal, quase experimental, que contou com uma amostra de 30 alunos pré-clínicos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Nacional do Altiplano de Puno (Peru), de ambos os sexos. em três grupos para os quais foi indicado o uso de enxaguatórios bucais tendo como princípios ativos: 1,1% de bicarbonato de sódio, 0,12% de clorexidina e água destilada respectivamente. Amostras de saliva foram coletadas antes e após o enxágue, para avaliar o efeito no pH salivar, e amostras do dorso da língua, para avaliar a carga bacteriana oral. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste t de Student para amostras relacionadas, com nível de significância de 95%, no programa SPSS Ver.17. Resultados . Foi detectado que o efeito do tampão bicarbonato de sódio após sua aplicação como enxaguatório bucal, passando de um pH de 6,47 a 7,97 apresentando diferenças significativas antes e após sua aplicação (p <0,05). Da mesma forma, o crescimento bacteriano após a aplicação de bicarbonato de sódio diminuiu 47,32% (p <0,05), evidenciando eficácia antibacteriana. Conclusões. Verificou-se que o enxaguatório bucal com bicarbonato de sódio tem efeito significativo na estabilização do pH salivar e ação antimicrobiana na microflora oral, potencialmente inibindo microrganismos cariogênicos.

Use of bufferized dental anesthetics in dental surgery / Uso de anestésicos dentários bufferizados em cirurgia dentária / Uso de anestésicos dentales buferizados en cirugía oral

Abstract Introduction and objective: The addition of epinephrine to the anesthetic solution reduces the pH of the solution to a range between 2.9 and 4.4. The acidity of the anesthetic may delay onset and contribute to injection pain. Objective: to determine the intensity of pain during a mandibular third molar surgery after using buffered 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:100000 in the inferior alveolar nerve block with buccal infiltration. Materials and methods: an observational and descriptive clinical study was performed. The buffered solution was alkalinized with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate with a ratio of 9:1, using a hand-mixing methodology, the sample were patients who required a mandibular third molar surgery. After standardizing the anesthetic technique, it was used the inferior alveolar nerve block followed by buccal infiltration. Results: 32 patients (20 female - 62.5% and 12 male - 37.5%), with an average age of 21.12 years (mean ± standard deviation : 21.12 ± 3.61) were admitted to the study. When assessing the pain puncture and during the injection, 94% of patients classified it as mild pain according to VAS. When evaluating the latency period, the average time was less than two minutes and the perioral soft tissue anesthesia was 62%. Only a small percentage of patients required complementary anes thesia. Conclusion: buffered 4% of articaine with epinephrine in the in ferior alveolar nerve block with buccal infiltration significantly decreased onset time, injection pain and need for complementary anesthesia in third molar surgery.

Resumo Introdução e objetivo: A adição de adrenalina à solução anestésica reduz o pH da solução para uma faixa entre 2,9 e 4,4. A acidez do anestésico pode atrasar o início e contribuir para a dor da injeção. Determinar a inten sidade da dor durante uma cirurgia dos terceiros molares inferiores após o uso de articaína tamponada a 4% com adrenalina 1: 100000 no bloqueio do nervo alveolar inferior com infiltração bucal. Materiais e métodos: foi realizado um estudo clínico observacional e descritivo. A solução tamponada foi al calinizada com bicarbonato de sódio a 8,4% com uma proporção de 9: 1, utilizando uma metodologia de mistura manual; a amostra era de pacientes que necessitaram de uma cirurgia de terceiros molares inferiores. Após padronização da técnica anes tésica foi utilizada bloqueio do nervo alveolar inferior seguido de infiltração bucal. Resultados: 32 pacientes (20 mulheres - 62,5% e 12 homens - 37,5%), com idade média de 21,12 anos (média ± desvio padrão : 21,12 ± 3,61) foram admitidos no estudo. Ao avaliar a punção dolorosa e durante a injeção, 94% dos pacientes a classificaram como dor leve de acordo com a EVA. Ao avaliar o período de latência, o tempo médio foi inferior a dois minutos e a anestesia perioral dos tecidos moles foi de 62%. Apenas uma pequena porcentagem de pacientes necessitou de anestesia complementar. Conclusão: tamponar 4% de articaína com epinefrina no bloqueio do nervo alveolar inferior com infiltração bucal diminuiu significativamente o tempo de início, a dor da injeção e a necessidade de anestesia complementar em cirurgia de terceiros molares.

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: la adición de epinefrina a la solución anestésica reduce el pH en un rango entre 2.9 y 4.4. La acidez del anestésico puede retrasar el inicio del efecto anestésico y contribuir al dolor durante la inyección de la solución. deter minar la intensidad del dolor durante la cirugía de terceros molares mandibulares después de usar articaína al 4% con epinefrina 1:100000 buferizada, en el bloqueo del nervio alveolar inferior con infiltración bucal. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio clínico observacional y descriptivo. La solución buferizada se alcalinizó con bicarbonato de sodio al 8,4% en una relación de 9:1, utilizando una técnica de mezcla manual, la muestra se obtuvo de pacientes que requerían cirugía del tercer molar mandibular. Después de estandarizar la técnica anestésica fue utilizado un bloqueo del nervio alveolar inferior seguido de una infiltración bucal. Resultados: 32 pacientes (20 mujeres - 62,5% y 12 hombres - 37,5%), con una edad promedio de 21.12 años (media ± desviación estándar : 21.12 ± 3.61) ingresaron al es tudio. Al evaluar el dolor durante la punción y durante la inyección de la solución anestésica, el 94% de los pacientes lo clasificaron como dolor leve según la EVA. Al evaluar el período de latencia, el tiempo promedio fue inferior a dos minutos y la anestesia perioral de tejidos blandos fue del 62%. Solo un pequeño porcentaje de pacientes requirió anestesia complementaria. Conclusión: El uso de 4% de articaína con epinefrina buferizada, en el bloqueo del nervio alveolar inferior con infiltración bucal disminuyó significativamente el tiempo de inicio, el dolor durante la inyección y la necesidad de anestesia complementaria en la cirugía de terceros molares.

Efficacy of bicarbonate Ringer′s solution applied in cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of bicarbonate Ringer′s solution applied in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery.Methods:Sixty patients of both sexes, aged 55-75 yr, undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB, were selected and randomly divided into compound electrolyte solution group (group A, n=30) and bicarbonate Ringer′s solution group (group B, n=30). Group A was primed with 1 500 ml compound electrolyte solution, group B was primed with 1 500 ml bicarbonate Ringer′s solution, and both groups were primed with 1 000 ml succinylated gelatin.Zero-balanced ultrafiltration was carried out during the rewarming stage.The replacement solution was compound electrolyte solution 2 000 ml in group A, and the replacement solution was bicarbonate Ringer′s solution 2 000 ml in group B. Sodium bicarbonate solution was continuously dripped into an intravenous blood storage tank during CPB, and the acid-base balance disorder was corrected according to the results of blood gas analysis.The peripheral venous blood samples or venous blood samples from the oxygenator were obtained for blood gas analysis before CPB, at 30 min of CPB, at 5 min after opening the ascending aorta for calcium supplementation, at the end of zero-balanced ultrafiltration, and at 5 min after termination of CPB.Venous blood samples were collected from the oxygenator before the start of zero-balanced ultrafiltration and at the end of zero-balanced ultrafiltration for determination of erythrocyte osmotic fragility and concentrations of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate. Results:Compared with group A, PaCO 2, Ca 2+ and HCO 3-concentrations were significantly increased at 30 min of CPB and at the end of zero-balanced ultrafiltration ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in pH value, BE, Glu, Lac, serum Na + , Cl - and K + concentrations, erythrocyte osmotic fragility and concentration of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate in group B ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Bicarbonate Ringer′s solution can be safely and effectively used for CPB in cardiac surgery.

Lidocaína 2 % con adrenalina 1: 80000 alcalinizada con bicarbonato de sodio 8, 4 % en la anestesia dental / Lidocaine 2% with adrenaline 1: 80,000 alkalinized with sodium bicarbonate 8. 4 % in dental anesthesia

Introducción: La alcalinización de la lidocaína ha resultado ser exitosa en el bloqueo del nervio dentario inferior, sin embargo, existen resultados contradictorios respecto a su eficacia clínica. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la lidocaína 2 por ciento con adrenalina 1:80000 alcalinizada con bicarbonato de sodio al 8,4 % sobre el bloqueo del nervio dentario inferior. Material y métodos: Estudio experimental, prospectivo y longitudinal conformado por 50 pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Las siguientes soluciones fueron administradas para el bloqueo del nervio dentario inferior: lidocaína 2 por ciento con adrenalina 1:80000 alcalinizada con bicarbonato de sodio al 8,4 por ciento y lidocaína 2 por ciento con adrenalina 1:80000 no alcalinizada. Se evaluó la intensidad del dolor por la inyección, parámetros hemodinámicos y periodos anestésicos (tiempo de inicio de acción y duración del efecto anestésico). Resultados: Se evidenció una menor intensidad del dolor por la inyección en el grupo de lidocaína alcalinizada (19,16 ± 2,7) en comparación al grupo de lidocaína no alcalinizada (22,88 ± 4,2); p=0,02. Así mismo, el tiempo de inicio de acción fue menor en el grupo de lidocaína alcalinizada (105,72 ± 9,7s) en comparación con el grupo de lidocaína no alcalinizada (157,52 ± 12,1); p=0,002. Sin embargo, no se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en los parámetros hemodinámicos (p>0,05) y la duración del efecto anestésico (p=0,114). Conclusiones: La lidocaína 2 por ciento con adrenalina 1:80000 alcalinizada con bicarbonato de sodio al 8,4 por ciento sobre el bloqueo del nervio dentario inferior produce una disminución de la intensidad del dolor por la inyección y del tiempo de inicio de acción, en comparación con la formulación no alcalinizada. Sin embargo, no se evidencian diferencias en relación con los parámetros hemodinámicos ni a la duración del efecto anestésico(AU)

Introduction: The alkalinization of lidocaine has been successful in blocking the inferior dental nerve; however, there are contradictory results regarding its clinical efficacy. Objective: To determine the effect of 2 percent lidocaine with 1: 80,000 adrenaline alkalinized with 8.4 percent sodium bicarbonate on inferior dental nerve block. Material and methods: Experimental, prospective and longitudinal study that comprised 50 patients from the Dental School of the National University of San Marcos. The following solutions were administered for inferior dental nerve block: 2 percent lidocaine with epinephrine 1: 80,000 alkalinized with 8.4 percent sodium bicarbonate and 2 percent lidocaine with 1: 80,000 adrenaline not alkalinized. Pain intensity was evaluated by injection, hemodynamic parameters and anesthetic periods (time of onset of action and duration of the anesthetic effect). Results: There was a lower pain intensity due to injection in the alkalized lidocaine group (19.16 ± 2.7) compared to the non-alkalinized lidocaine group (22.88 ± 4.2); p=0.02. Likewise, the onset time of action was lower in the alkalized lidocaine group (105.72 ± 9.7) compared to the non-alkalinized lidocaine group (157.52 ± 12.1); p=0.002. However, no significant differences were found in the hemodynamic parameters (p>0.05) and the duration of the anesthetic effect (p=0.114). Conclusions: Lidocaine 2 percent with adrenaline 1: 80,000 alkalized with sodium bicarbonate at 8.4 percent on the block of the inferior dental nerve produces a decrease in pain intensity due to injection and the time of onset of action, compared to the non-alkalinized formulation. However, there are no differences in relation to the hemodynamic parameters or the duration of the anesthetic effect(AU)

Sodium bicarbonate supplementation in resistance exercise performance, perceived exertion and blood lactate concentration

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation (NaHCO3) in repetition performance, perceived exertion and blood lactate concentration. Methods: Fourteen trained men (25.14 ± 3.5 years; 85.83 ± 10.18 kg; 1.78 ± 0.06 m; 26.88 ± 3.17 kg/m2) realized two upper-body resistance exercise sessions consisting of 15-RM load and 1 minute of the interval, combining bicarbonate supplementation (BS) or Placebo conditions. Results: After the ANOVA analysis, no difference was found on the total number of repetitions during the session on both BS and Placebo condition (p = 0.11). However, a greater number of total of repetitions on the machine chest fly exercise for BS vs. Placebo condition (p = 0.04) was observed. The perceived exertion increased regardless of the supplementation condition (p < 0.0001). Additionally, for the blood lactate was observed significant increases in BS vs. Placebo condition in the post verification (p = 0.013), corroborated for a bigger area under the curve (AUC) on the BS compared to Placebo (p = 0.026) condition. Conclusion: In conclusion, sodium bicarbonate supplementation was not able to improve performance during a resistance exercise session, except for the single-joint exercise performed with high values of perceived exertion, not altering the perceived exertion, and blood lactate between protocols.(AU)

Effects of tight control of metabolic acidosis with 5% sodium bicarbonate on early renal function after living donor renal transplantation / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To observe whether tight control of metabolic acidosis by infusion of 5% sodium bicarbonate can improve early post-operative renal function in living renal transplant recipients. METHODS: A total of 120 patients who underwent living donor renal transplant surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from March 2019 to March 2020, ASA Ⅲ-Ⅳ, were randomly divided into observation group and control group using random digits table. In observation group, 5% sodium bicarbonate was infused intra-operatively according to Base Excess (BE) measurements to achieve the normal values of BE (-3 to +3 mmol/L). In control group, infusion of 5% sodium bicarbonate was allowed only in case of severe metabolic acidosis (BE≤-10 mmol/L or pH≤7.25). Minute ventilation was adjusted to keep PaCO2 within the normal range. Hemodynamic parameters of two groups were recorded before anesthesia (T0), 10 minutes after induction of anesthesia (T1), before opening of renal artery (T2), 5 minutes after opening renal artery (T3) and the end of surgery (T4). The amount of bleeding, infusion fluid and operative time were recorded. Creatinine, urea nitrogen, urine outputs were recorded on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 30 after surgery. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the amount of 5% sodium bicarbonate was significantly increased, the phenylephrine was decreased in the observation group (P<0.05), there was no indication of 5% sodium bicarbonate infusion in control group; the pH and BE in observation group were significantly higher than that in control group at the end of surgery (P<0.05). The MAP and CVP of both groups at T3 were lower than before anesthesia (P<0.05).The creatinine and urea nitrogen of observation group was lower than control group on days 1, 2, 3, 7 after surgery (P<0.05). The urine volume of observation group was higher than control group on days 1, 2, 3 after surgery(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative tight control of metabolic acidosis by infusion of 5% sodium bicarbonate in living renal transplant recipients may improve early post-operative renal function.

Sodium bicarbonate supplementation improves performance in isometric fatigue protocol / A suplementação de bicarbonato de sódio melhora o desempenho em protocolo de fadiga isométrico / La suplementación de bicarbonato de sodio mejora el desempeño en protocolo de fatiga isométrico

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation has been shown to decrease fatigue and improve high-intensity exercise performance, the effects on maintenance of isometric contractions are not clear. Objective: To investigate the effect of NaHCO3 on the performance of individuals subjected to a fatigue protocol in an isometric exercise on the isokinetic dynamometer. Methods: Participants were 12 men in a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. Sixteen minutes after the intake of 0.3 g/kg of body mass of NaHCO3 or placebo, the participants performed an isometric fatigue protocol of right knee extension exercises during eight minutes at 70% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction. The fatigue indicator was the time point at which torque was reduced to 50% of the initial value. The length of resistance was assessed by maintaining the task over 50% of the initial torque. Lactate/blood pH concentrations and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and pain (RPP) indexes were analyzed. The RPE of the session was evaluated 30 minutes after the test. Results: Blood pH was higher in pre-protocol and in the fatigue indicator after NaHCO3 intake, as were the blood lactate concentrations in the fatigue indicator and at the end of the protocol (p<0.001). NaHCO3 supplementation increased the time to fatigue and lessened the rate of decline of isometric peak torque at the end of the protocol (p<0.001). RPE and RPP were smaller at the end of the protocol in the NaHCO3 condition, and the RPE of the session was diminished (p<0.001). Conclusion: NaHCO3 supplementation enhances steady isometric contraction performance and reduces the internal load. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic studies - Investigation of an examination for diagnosis.

RESUMO Introdução: A suplementação de bicarbonato de sódio (NaHCO3) tem demonstrado atenuar a fadiga e melhorar o desempenho do exercício de alta intensidade, mas os efeitos sobre a manutenção de contrações isométricas são pouco claros. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito do NaHCO3 no desempenho de indivíduos submetidos ao protocolo de fadiga em exercício isométrico no dinamômetro isocinético. Métodos: Doze homens participaram do estudo randomizado, duplo-cego, cruzado e controlado por placebo. Sessenta minutos após ingestão de 0,3 g/kg de massa corporal de NaHCO3 ou placebo, os participantes realizaram protocolo isométrico de fadiga dos extensores do joelho direito, com duração de oito minutos, a 70% da contração isométrica voluntária máxima. Foi considerado indicador de fadiga o momento em que o torque aplicado diminuiu para 50% do valor inicial. A duração da resistência foi avaliada com a manutenção da tarefa acima de 50% do torque inicial. As concentrações de lactato e pH do sangue, assim como os índices de percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) e dor (PSD) foram analisados. A PSE da sessão foi avaliada 30 minutos após o teste. Resultados: O pH sanguíneo foi maior pré-protocolo e no indicador de fadiga após ingestão de NaHCO3, assim como as concentrações de lactato sanguíneo no indicador da fadiga e ao final do protocolo (p < 0,001). A suplementação de NaHCO3 aumentou o tempo para atingir a fadiga e atenuou o declínio do pico de torque isométrico no final do protocolo (p < 0,001). A PSE e PSD foram menores ao final do protocolo com NaHCO3 e a PSE da sessão foi atenuada (p < 0,001). Conclusão: A suplementação de NaHCO3 melhora o desempenho de contrações isométricas sustentadas e atenua a carga interna. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos diagnósticos - Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico.

RESUMEN Introducción: La suplementación de bicarbonato de sodio (NaHCO3) ha demostrado atenuar la fatiga y mejorar el desempeño del ejercicio de alta intensidad, pero los efectos sobre el mantenimiento de contracciones isométricas son poco claros. Objetivo: Investigar el efecto de NaHCO3 en el desempeño de individuos sometidos al protocolo de fatiga en ejercicio isométrico en el dinamómetro isocinético. Métodos: Doce hombres participaron del estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego, cruzado y controlado por placebo. Sesenta minutos después de la ingestión de 0,3 g/kg de masa corporal de NaHCO3 o placebo, los participantes realizaron protocolo isométrico de fatiga de los extensores de la rodilla derecha con duración de ocho minutos a 70% de la contracción isométrica voluntaria máxima. Se consideró indicador de fatiga el momento en que el torque aplicado disminuyó para 50% del valor inicial. La duración de la resistencia fue evaluada con el mantenimiento de la tarea por encima del 50% del torque inicial. Fueron analizadas las concentraciones de lactato y pH sanguíneos, así como los índices de percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo (PSE) y dolor (PSD). La PSE de la sesión fue evaluada 30 minutos después del test. Resultados: El pH sanguíneo fue mayor pre-protocolo y en el indicador de fatiga después de la ingestión de NaHCO3, así como las concentraciones de lactato sanguíneo en el indicador de la fatiga y al final del protocolo (p<0,001). La suplementación de NaHCO3 aumentó el tiempo para alcanzar la fatiga y atenuó el declive del pico de torque isométrico al final del protocolo (p<0,001). La PSE y PSD fueron menores al final del protocolo con NaHCO3 y la PSE de la sesión fue atenuada (p<0,001). Conclusión: La suplementación de NaHCO3 mejora el rendimiento de las contracciones isométricas sostenidas y atenúa la carga interna. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios diagnósticos - Investigación de un examen para diagnóstico.

Compatibility Study between Glass Infusion Bottles and Sodium Bicarbonate Injection / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method to investigate the compatibility between glass infusion bottles and sodium bicarbonate injection. METHODS: The delamination tendency and the compatibility between glass infusion bottles and sodium bicarbonate injection were investigated via inspection for glass lamellae or inner surface and testing ion concentration by using ICP-MS, ICP-OES, SEM, methylene blue stain method and so on. RESULTS: With the extension of the corrosion time, erosion on the inner surface of glass infusion bottles was observed with increasing visible glass lamellae,increasing ion concentration and surface discoloration. CONCLUSION: The established method can be used to evaluate the compatibility between glass infusion bottles and pharmaceutical products. The results can provide data and evidence for selecting suitable packaging materials for injections, thus ensure their safety and therapeutic effect.